- Euphemism 委婉语
- cognate 同源的
- Anglicism 英国说法
- Spanglish 西班牙式英语
- embellishment 修饰语
- HCP/Healthcare Provider 医生
- Patient or LEP (Limited English Proficient) 病人
- VRI (Video Remote Interpreting) 远程视频译员
- impromptu 临时的
- eloquent 有口才的
- Register level of complexity, sophistication or simplicity a person uses when he/she speaks, e.g. HCP tends to use high-register words Copious amounts a lot of I ain't gonna have no surgery I'm not going to have any surgery
- verbatim 逐字的 Literalism interpretation of words in their simplest and basic form
- quit cold turkey (stop smoking cold turkey) give up smoking all at once without replacement
- come down with sth - show/catch signs of an illness
- go number two - defecate
- see sb in the family way - pregnant
- false cognates - false friends
- get some grub - get some food
- barf (vomit)
- I got the runs - diarrhea, bowel/bladder issue
- cut the lights - turn off the lights
- Fluoroscope (real time x-ray).
- edema (accumulation of fluids in the body tissues).
- back on one's feet in no time (be in good health again after a period of injury or illness).
- take a turn for the worst - become sicker
- remove a foley - foley catheter removal, take away the catheter in urethra
- have a shingles flare-up - herpes zoster broke out again
- acronyms - abbreviation made up of 1st letter of each word & pronounced as one word
- Initialisms - abbreviation take 1st letter of each word and pronounced letter-by-letter
- CPR - cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- DNR - do not resuscitate
- COPD - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- PRN - when necessary, pro re nata in Latin
- AZT - Azidothymidine - (now renamed zidovudine) prescribed usually in combination with protease inhibitors & other drugs to treat HIV infected patients with AIDS
- BID/b.i.d twice a day
- NPO nothing by mouth
- PT patient/pint/physical therapy
- HMO health maintenance organization providing comprehensive healthcare to voluntarily enrolled individuals & families in a geographic area by member physicians with limited referral outside specialists, financed by fixed periodic payments determined in advance
- IRS internal revenue service, a US government agency resp4 collection of taxes & enforcement of tax laws
- TLC - tender loving care, extra attention to make sb/sth look/feel better
- AA alcoholic anonymous
- worker's comp - workers' compensation, form of insurance providing wage replacement & medical benefits to employees injured in course of employment in exchange of mandatory relinquishment of employee's right to sue employer for the tort 侵权行为 of negligence
- regionalism - word/phrase in a certain region/country
- Anglism - words taken from English and adapted into another language - interpreters shall leave the English words as it is
- BM bowel movement, defecate
- fl oz - fluid ounce
- CBC (complete blood count) - 全血细胞计数/血常规
- bilirubin 胆红素
- Embellishment - additions of ornament or decoration to a statement to make it more interesting, a neg quality in interpreting - you should accurately & faithfully reflect source language without adding anything to make it sound more forceful, persuasive, interesting, painful
- tone - speaker's attitude to a subject, emotional meaning in his/her words
- flight of stairs - uninterrupted series of stairs
- Avoid omissions - repetition, position(close to people), concentration, honesty, guideline (to speak in small segments)
- Economizing - intentional omission of certain info based on best judgment of interpreter, needed by simultaneous interpretation
- Summarization is not an acceptable standard of practice in interpreting
- For managing session, feel free to interject or interrupt the speakers
- completeness - carry over all linguistic & cultural elements of source lang into target lang w/o any omissions
- Shingles - acute viral inflammation of sensory ganglia of spinal & cranial nerves associated with a vesicular eruption & neuralgic pain - caused by reactivation of herpes virus causing chicken pox - also called herpes zoster, zona, zoster 带状疱疹
- Wheel - sudden formed elevation of skin surface (esp. a flat burning / itching eminence on skin, transient lump occurring at site of injection of a solution before solution normally dispersed)
- Charge nurse - RN who in charge of a ward in a hospital
- eye chart 视力表
- Angiography, angiogram, arteriography - a procedure to visualize blood vessels
- Anesthetist VS Anesthesiologist - anesthetist is nurse, while anesthesiologist is medical doctor supervising the former, both put patients under anesthesia for various surgeries while monitoring & managing body's vital functions
- Ophthalmologist VS Optometrist - Former MD can perform every aspect of eye care, including surgical treatment, can diagnose & treat diseases of eye & provide prescription meds or eyewear; Latter receive a degree in optometry, no MD, specialize in vision care e.g. correction of sight & dx & treatment of visual changes
- Periodontist VS Endodontist - the former focus on areas around teeth e.g. gum disease, dental implants, perform cosmetic procedures; while the latter focus on areas inside teeth, treat diseases affecting pulp, nerve, veins, arteries within tooth, perform root-canal therapy
- Phlebotomist VS Phlebologist - 静脉学家 former specially trained to draw blood from a patient for lab work; the latter MD undertake rigorous training for dx & treatment of vein diseases e.g. varicose veins, venous diseases, spider veins
- Psychologist VS Psychiatrist - the former trained to study human mind using survey, lab tests, interviews, provide counselling to patients suffering from trauma, grief, mental disorders, e.g. behavioral therapy; the latter MD trained to identify, diagnose, treat mental disorders, may also provide services as former, but can prescribe meds to help patients manage disorders e.g. depression, bipolar diseases, schizophrenia
- Radiologist VS Radiographer - former fully qualified physicians primarily diagnose & work closely with technicians to interpret radiographic images and identify abnormalities; the latter technician who work with dx tech requiring 2-year degree, and full understanding of anatomy & med term
- Pharmacist VS Pharmacologist - the former PharmD with license to dispense prescribed meds to patients; the latter scientist holding PhD in pharmacology, do research on how meds affect body, how to deliver med, improvement of existing drugs, normally work in labs.
- Gastric sleeve 胃套管手术
- Proctologist - MD specialize in colorectal surgery, concerned with rectum, anus, colon
- Perinatologist - maternal-fetal MD specializing in care of mom and child during high-risk pregnancies
- Orthopedist - MD specializing in treatment of conditions in bones, muscles, joints (MSK system) e.g. carpal tunnel syndrome, fractures, sports injuries, hip dysplasia 髋关节发育不良
- Podiatrist - MD specialize in treatment of foot, ankle, related structures of leg, can perform surgeries to correct injuries e.g. torn tendons or mal-aligned fractures in legs & feet
- Pelvic organ prolapse - when 1 or more of the organs in the pelvis slip down from their normal position and bulge into the vagina, need to see urologist
- Crohn's diseases - disease of digestive system, see gastroenterologist
- Medical geneticist - MD specializing in treatment of genetic disorders e.g. autism, Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, hemophilia, also providing genetic counseling to families with a history of genetic abnormalities and conditions
- folk ailments & remedies - in culture around world, people have unusual methods to identify, diagnose, treat illnesses
- Bilis - conditions from suppressed excessive anger or intense & prolonged emotional upset, believed in Hispanic that the bile spills into blood stream when anger suppressed -> dizziness, migraines, dry mouth, anxiety, jaundice, bitter taste in mouth
- Calda de mollera - la mollera, fontanel (soft spot on top of a baby head), believed fontanel sink into skull when a baby taken away from breastfeeding or from bottle too soon, or when baby dropped/carried incorrectly, or sb giving baby evil eye -> sunken fontanel, cry, irritability, vomit, diarrhea, sunken eyes; common treatment: push the baby's soft palate upward with fingers, hold upside down from baby ankle, slap soles of feet
- Empacho - indigestion by eating certain food / non-edible substances, too quickly & in excess, believed a small mass of food get stuck in gut; symptoms: stomach conditions, bloat, flatulence, cramps, diarrhea, vomit, loss of appetite; treatment: depend on folk doctors - teas, salt, massage, purgantes (laxatives), sobadas (deep massage), cataplasma (poultices 膏药), suppository 栓剂
- Mal de Ojo (evil eye) - mostly affect baby, sometimes adults, symptoms: fever, incessant cry, restless, lack of appetite; believed when sb gaze or stare at sb else with admiration, jealousy, envy; diagnose by a tarot card reader, or midwife; treatment: roll a chicken egg over entire body to absorb the neg vibes; to avoid, mom recommended to put red necklace or bracelet made of red beads, buckeye seeds, or yarn on baby; if adult affected, often consult curandero (folk healer), have a limpia (cleansing) with herbs & candles
- Susto - sickness from a fright by unsettling or traumatic experience scare person's soul out of body; conditions affect women & adolescents; symptoms: anxiety, chills, depression, fatigue, insomnia; normally undergo rituals of special diets, drink brebajes (potions 药剂), sweeping of body by a curandero with sage, rue 芸香, basil
- Coining - 刮痧 southeast Asian treatment of roughly rubbing a coin on the patient's oiled skin to cure minor illness e.g. cold, cough, flu, fever, pain, lethargy; can release the caught bad wind in blood stream, may misunderstood as children abuse
- Cupping - 拔火罐 ancient alt med practice placing glass cups on skin to create suction igniting alcohol-soaked cotton ball, quickly inserted & removed from cup before putting on an area, plumping up skin inside cup, help mobilize stagnant blood to promote healing of various med ailment e.g. blood, MSK, gynecological, skin, psycho disorders; in mid eastern, wet cupping slight cut skin before placing cup to draw blood in2 cup; -> visible skin conditions e.g. dermatitis, ecchymosis, small lac
- Moxibustion - 艾灸 traditional Chinese heat therapy where cigar-shaped stick made of dried herb (Moxa, mugwort) burned near skin to target acupuncture points; claimed that heat from herb stimulate blood flow -> effective treatment of certain disease e.g. cancer, arthritis, digestive disorder, commonly used during pregnancy when baby found breech 臀部 presentation (buttocks first)
- Amok - individuals suffering from an episode of depression, followed by violent, murderous behavior
- Hwa-byung - 火病 conditions believed by suppression of anger -> physical & mental disorder
- Koro - patients with koro believed have genitals retract inside body & sexual organs will disappear
- Latah - afflictions where people engage in abnormal behavior when frightened, react to a fright by screaming, cursing, uncontrollable movement or laughter
- Pibloktoq - 北极癔病 conditions in women in Arctic circle, Arctic hysteria with manic behaviors, performing dangerous, embarrassing acts w/o recollection afterwards
- Shen kui - 肾亏 males suffering from affliction believed to lose virility because of excessive ejaculation, feel anxious, panicky due to loss of semen, leading to death, or Dhat in India
- Taijin kyofusho - 对人恐惧症 interpersonal relationship disorder based on fear, anxiety, phobia, of interacting with other people, emotionally distressed about bodily functions & appearance
- Antacid 抗酸剂，解酸剂
- Enunciation - pronounce every word correctly & clearly
- intonation properly fluctuate voice pitch to make distinctions b/w statements & questions
- appropriate pauses make all necessary pause for comma, periods, paragraphs
- Elements to avoid while sight translate - change of speed, stammer, backtrack
- rendition 翻译、解释
- sight translate in cold - w/o reading doc first, shall be avoided
- decalage - French for time gap or lag for interpreters needed to perform mental process before rendering an interpretation
- Situations where simultaneous interpreting (SI) needed - Organ transplant educational sessions, diabetes education teachings, meds admin teachings, group therapy, med history reports & updates, info e.g. discharge instructions given by the patient's English-speaking caregivers
- put on back burner - put in a secondary or less important place
- Parroting, shadowing - where you listen to a portion of a speech, and repeat what you hear in same language
- hedge - avoid explanation
- fumble - miss info
- Chuchotage - whisper interpreting in French
- Visualization improve memory, play it in head like a movie
- Actions hinder understanding & interpreting accurately - judgement, biases, external noises, distraction, undecipherable notes