• Merck Manual - Japanese
• Jisho
• Japanese grammar on typing and pronunciation
• Lyrikline - Japanese poets
• Xinhua Japanese
• standard, the original not spaced, the phonetic symbols spaced for Kanji
  • genki{元気} desuka are you well?
  • chinamini, su{}ki na ta{}be mono{} ha, tenpura to PIZA desu.

Media

• Read out loud method
• Easy Japanese

Keyboard

Japanese keyboard Lexilogos - mostly used to convert to Hiragana or Katakana

• Hiragana in lowercase; Katakana in uppercase Latin alphabet
• cannot simply copy as the English meaning will gets transferred as well.

There are 3 syllabaries in Japanese.

Kanji

• mostly used to write the content words, like nouns, adjective stems, and verb stems.

Tae Kim - Kanji

• Readings for Kanji is categorized mainly into kunyomi the Japanese reading, and for mostly native Japanese words including most adjectives and verbs, and Onyomi based on original Chinese pronunciation, often using 2 or more Kanji, written in Katakana.
  • hito{人}.
  • AMERIKA jin{人}.
  • FURANSU jin{人} French people
• Multiple readings for most common Kanji characters
  • hon{本} book，nihon{日本} Japan；nihongo{日本語} Japanese。
  • kuni{国} country, chuugoku{中国} China, chuugokujin{中国人} Chinese person, chuugokugo{中国語} Chinese language.
  • eigo{英語} English, FURANSU go{語} French, SUPEIN go{語} Spanish.
  • gakusei{学生}, sensei{先生} teacher.
  • gaqkou{学校} school, sometimes reading goes through transformation to make pronunciation easier.
• taka{高}i tall, expensive, chi{小}sai small, oo{大}ki big
  • Okurigana trailing Hiragana, needed to perform various conjugations without affecting Kanji.
  • koukou{高校} high school.
  • shougaqkou{小学校} elementary school.
  • shougakusei{小学生}.
  • chuugaqkou{中学校} middle school.
  • chuugakusei{中学生} middle school student.
  • daigaku{大学}.
  • daigakusei{大学生}.
• When pronounced the same, different Kanji characters can often be used to make subtle distinctions, or give a different shade of meaning for a word.
  • atsu{暑}i as in hot climate, atsu{熱}i hot object or person.
  • mi{見}ru to see, mi{診}ru to see - diagnose.

Hiragana

• Hiragana is used to write inflected verb and adjective endings, phonetic complements to disambiguate readings, particles, and miscellaneous words.
• no retroflex sound in Japan
• あ a, い i, う u, え e, お o,
• k か, き, く, け, こ,
• g が, ぎ, ぐ, げ, ご,
• s さ, し shi, す, せ, そ,
• z ざ, じ ji, ず, ぜ, ぞ,
• t た, ち chi, つ tsu, て, と,
• d だ, ぢ dji, づ dzu, で, ど,
• h は, ひ, ふ fu, へ, ほ,
• b ば, び, ぶ, べ, ぼ,
• p ぱ, ぴ, ぷ, ぺ, ぽ,
• m ま, み, む, め, も,
• n な, に, ぬ, ね, の,
• r ら, り, る, れ, ろ,
• y や ya, ゆ yu, よ yo,
• ぁ a=, ぃ i=, ぅ u=, ぇ e=, ぉ o=, っ q, to type the small ones
• ゃ ya=, ゅ yu=, ょ yo=,
  • しゃ sha, しゅ shu, しょ sho,
  • じゃ ja, じゅ ju, じょ jo,
  • ちゃ cha, ちゅ chu, ちょ cho,
  • ぢゃ djiya=, ぢゅ djiyu=, ぢょ djiyo=,
• w わ wa, を wo,
  • wi -> ui, we -> ue
• ん n.
• Long vowel sounds in Hiragana
  • ei - gakusei{学生} [gaku se'e] student.
  • ou - kyou{今日} [kyo'o] today, ohayou [ohayo'o] good morning.

Furigana: phonetic notation that mark the pronunciation of Japanese Kanji characters alongside or above the character

Katakana

• Katakana is used for transcription of words from foreign languages or loanwords.
• ア A, イ I, ウ U, エ E, オ O,
• K カ, キ, ク, ケ, コ,
• G ガ, ギ, グ, ゲ, ゴ,
• S サ, シ SHI, ス, セ, ソ,
• Z ザ, ジ JI, ズ, ゼ, ゾ,
• T タ, チ CHI, ツ TSU, テ, ト,
• D ダ, ヂ DJI, ヅ DZU, デ, ド,
• H ハ, ヒ, フ FU, ヘ, ホ,
• B バ, ビ, ブ, ベ, ボ,
• P パ, ピ, プ, ペ, ポ,
• M マ, ミ, ム, メ, モ,
• N ナ, ニ, ヌ, ネ, ノ,
• Y ヤ, ユ, ヨ,
• ァ A=, ィ I=, ゥ U=, ェ E=, ォ O=, ッ Q,
• ャ YA=, ュ YU=, ョ YO=,
• W ワ WA, ヲ WO,
• ン N.
• ー _ after vowels for Long vowels in Katakana.
  • TSUA_ tour, ME_RU email, KE_KI cake.

Additional Sounds

Tae Kim - more sounds

• Hard consonant sounds used with p, k, t, s can use a hard stop q, Q to carry over the next consonant sound.
  • TORAQKU [torak;ku] truck.
  • zaqshi{雑誌} [zas;shi] magazine
  • KAQPU [kap;pu] cup
• Special Katakana combinations to translate loanwords with sounds difficult for native Japanese to pronounce.
  • V ヴァ VA=, ヴィ VI=, ヴ V, ヴェ VE=, ヴォ VO=,
  • W ワ WA, ウィ UI=, ウ U, ウェ UE=, ウォ UO=,
  • F ファ FA, フィ FI, フ FU, フェ FE, フォ FO,
  • D ダ DA, ディ DEI=, ドゥ DOU=, デ DE, ド DO,
  • T タ TA, ティ TEI=, トゥ TOU=, テ TE, ト TO,
  • J ジャ JA, ジ JI, ジュ JU, ジェ JE, ジョ JO,
  • SH シャ SHA, シ SHI, シュ SHU, シェ SHE, ショ SHO,
  • CH チャ CHA, チ CHI, チュ CHU, チェ CHE, チョ CHO,
  • SOFA sofa
  • UI=NDOUZU Windows
  • UO=QKA [wok;ka] vodka
  • CHEQKU [chek;ku] check

Romaji

Tofugu - don't reply on Romaji too much

• Japanese government uses the Romaji - Hepburn, also adopted by the Lexilogos keyboard
• Japanesepod101 on Revised Hepburn Romaji tables

Act

Tae Kim - Club

• ashita{}, nihongo{} no KURABU ga aru there's Japanese club kedo, i{}ku want to go?
  • nihongo{} no KURABU de nani{} wo suru no what do you do at Japanese club?
• nihongo{} no kaiwa{会話} no renshuu{練習} wo suru yo do Japanese conversation practice.
  • ore{} ha, shukudai{} ga takusan aru a lot of homework exists kara, ii so, I'm good.
• nihonjin{} mo iru yo.
  • kawaii onna{}no ko{} ha iru?
• anou, *ichiou{一応}* watashi{} mo i{}ku kedo just in case?
  • sou? yaqpari, ore{} ha ii yo as I thought, I'm good.
• MUKAtsuku so irritating.

Tae Kim - TV Shows

• ne, saikin{} no TEREBI bangumi{番組} ha as for recent TV shows dou omo{}u how do you think? zenzen{} omoshiro{}kunai yone it's not interesting at all, huh?
  • wa{分}karanai ne I don't know. watashi{} ha, TEREBI wo mi{}nai don't watch TV kara.
• e? nande mi{}nai no why not watching it?
  • uchi ha as for our household, TEREBI ga nai no there's no TV.
• uso no way, lie!
  • hondou{} yo.

Take class outside

• kyou{} no REQSUN wo haji{始}memashou let's begin today's lesson.
  • sensei{}, *kyou{} ha tenki{天気} ga ii* desu today's weather is good. kara, *jugyou{} wo soto{外} de shimashou* let's do the class outside!
• *ii kanga{}e desu* ne that's a good idea. soreja well then, soto{} ni i{}kimashou ka shall we go outside?
  • hai.

Tae Kim - Difficult Kanji

• yaqto shuumatsu{} da finally weekend! konshuumatsu{} ha hima{}? doqka aso{遊}bi ni i{}kou yo let's go somewhere to play.
  • raishuu{} ha, nihongo{} no TESUTO ga aru there's a Japanese test kedo, daijoubu{} nano but you're ok?
• un, tabun{} daijoubu{} probably ok.
  • ja, kono tango{単語} ha kanji{漢字} de dou ka{}ku no how do you write this word in Kanji?
• zenzen{} wa{分}karanai ne I don't know at all.
  • yuuutsu{憂鬱} to mourou{朦朧} to chuucho{躊躇} dayo.
• sore ha *TESUTO ni ha de{出}ru* no come out on test.
  • joudan{冗談} yo. TESUTO ni ha de{}nai yo.

Try new food

• nee, kyou{} no *hiru{昼}go han{}* lunch ha, doqka ni ta{}be ni i{}kou yo let's go somewhere to eat.
  • soudane right. nani{} wo ta{}beyou ka what shall we eat?
• boku{} ha, nan{}demo ii yo anything is good.
  • ja, nani{}ka oishii mono{} wo ta{}betakunai don't you want to eat something tasty?
• sore ha *a{当}tari mae{}* da obvious. dare{} ga oishikunai mono{} wo ta{}betai nda who wants to eat a thing not tasty?
  • boku{} ha, nan{}demo ii yo.
• ja, *kyou{} ha oishikunai mono{} ni CHARENJI shou* let's do a challenge with something not tasty today!
  • *minna{}, aika{相変}warazu hen{変}* ne everybody is strange as usual. *kyou{} mo shokudou{食堂} de ii* yo the cafeteria is also fine today.

Tae Kim - Clarify

• RI_kun ha doko?
  • shi{知}ranai.
• okashii ne odd. koko de iqsho{} ni benkyou{} suru hazu da kedo, doko ni i{}qta kana?
  • ARISUchan, gomen. youji{用事} de choqto oku{遅}reta was little late v1~ru-ta due to an errand.
• nani{} wo shiteita no what were you doing?
  • haha{} kara kyou{急}ni denwa{} ga kuta no a phone call came suddenly from my mother.
  • JON ni i{言}qta I told v5~u-qta John kedo, oshi{教}enakaqta didn't he tell v5~ru-nakaqta you no?
• gomen, i{}qteiru koto ga wa{分}karanakaqta I didn't understand v5c~u-anakaqta, the thing you were saying v5~u-qteiru kara, ARISUchan ni nani{}mo i{}wanakaqta so I didn't say anything to Alice-chan.
  • nani{}ka wa{}karanakaqta toki{} when you didn't understand something. ha, chanto tsuta{伝}eru benki yo you should properly convey v1eru.
• wa{}kaqta I understood v5~ru-qta.
  • hontou{}ni wa{}kaqta no did you really understand?
• anmari not really.
  • haa ah, sigh.

Charm

Talk about yourself

• watashi{私} polite, gender-neutral.
• watakushi{私} used only for very formal situations.
• boku{僕} polite, masculine.
• ole{俺} very casual and masculine.
• atashi casual, very feminine.
• PIZA ha, oishii as for pizza, tasty?
  • uun no.
  • watashi{} ha, oishii as for me, tasty.

Tae Kim - Look Young

• tanaka{田中}san ha, gakusei{} desuka?
  • iie, sensei{} desu.
• hontou{} desuka?
  • hontou{} desuyo.
• totemo waka{}i desune ~you are~ very young, isn't it?. ~o~ikutsu desuka how old ~are you~?
  • sore ha, himitsu{秘密} desu.

Tae Kim - Handsome

• tanaka{田中}san ha, *atara{新}shii {sensei}* desuka a new teacher?
  • sou desuyo.
• todemo kireina jin{} desune a very pretty person.
  • sou desuka?
• aq, yamamotosensei{山本先生} mo, *maamaa kaqkoii* desuyo so-so handsome.
  • arigatougozaimasu.

Personal introduction
Tae Kim - Introduction

• hajimemashite shorted form of "I meet you for the first time", nice to meet, how do you do?.
• yoroshikuonegaishimasu please treat me well or take care of me.
• "name, identity, age" + desu last name goes first commonly in Japan, esp. in classroom or workplace, not required for names from countries where the order is reversed.
• jikoshoukai{自己紹介} self-introduction.
• shakaijin{社会人} working adult
• KANADA Canada, IGIRISU England
• O_SUTORARIA Australia
• FURANSU France, SUPEIN Spain
• BURAJIRU Brazil, MEKISHIKO Mexico

Tae Kim - First name

• SUMISUsan no shita{} no namae{} ha, nani{} what's Smith-san's first name?
  • ARISU yo.
  • ARISUchan ne.
• RI_san no shita{} no namae{} ha?
  • JEYUN JaeYoon.
• RI_kun{君} ne?
  • e, nande huh, why?

Tae Kim - Alice Smith

• hajimemashite. watashi{} no namae{} ha, ARISU SUMISU desu. daigaku{} no ichinensei{一年生} desu.
• senkou{専攻} ha, keizaigaku{経済学} desu. shumi{} ha, SAQKA_ to dokusho{読書} desu. nihongo{} mo su{} ki desu.
• totemo omoshiro{}i desu ga, choqto muzuka{難} shii desune.
• chinamini, su{} ki na ta{}be mono{} ha, tenpura to PIZA desu.

Feel

Tae Kim - Bored

• saikin{} ha, *hima{}da* free na casual and masculine version of ne.
  • toshokan{} de nihongo{} wo benkyou{}shou ka shall we do the study Japanese at the library?
• sore ha, *tsumaranai* yo boring.
  • ja, nani{} wo shitai no what do you want to do?
• eiga{} wo mi{} ni i{}kou kana shall I go to watch a movie maybe?
  • benkyou{} ha daijoubu{} nano?
• un, daijoubu{}.
  • zeqtai{} daijoubu{}janai yo definitely not ok.

Time

Tae Kim - Late

• raishuu{} no kinyoubi{} ni minna{} de nihon{} no RESUTORAN ni ta{}be ni i{}ku kedo everybody's going to eat at a Japanese restaurant next Friday, ARISUchan mo i{}kitai?
  • nanji{} ni i{}ku no?
• yoru{夜} no haqjihan{}.
  • choqto oso{遅}i ne.
• sore ha, ARISUchan ga mainichijuuji{} ni ne{}ru *kara* dayo so.
  • chiga{}u yo not so.
• ja, haqjihan{} de daiyoubu{} dayone.
  • iiyo, haqjihan{} de.

Leisure time

• SUMISUsan ha, hima{}na toki{} ni donna koto wo suru no ga su{}ki desuka what kind of things at leisure time do you like to do?
  • sou desune. *eiga{} wo mi{}ru no ga su{}ki* desu I like to watch movies.
• BURAUNsan ha, *ashita{} nani{}ka yotei{} arimasuka* do you have any plans tomorrow?
  • hai, boku{} mo *eiga{} wo mi{} ni i{}kitai* desu want to go see a movie.
• sensei{} no shitsumon{質問} ha wa{}karimasuka do you understand my question?
  • iie, *wa{}karimasen* I don't understand, politely.
• yotei{} no imi{意味} ga wa{}karanain desuka?
  • imi{} ha nan{} desuka?

Weekend time

• konshuumatsu{} ha, *nani{}ka yotei{} aru* do you have some kind of plan?
  • toku{}ninai kedo not particularly?
• minna{} de, nihon{} no honya{}san ni i{}ku no ha, dou how about going to Japanese bookstore with everybody?
  • mendokusai bothersome kara, boku{} ha ii.
• hima{}na toki{} ni nani{} wo suru no ga su{}ki nano what to do at leisure time do you like?
  • nani{}mo shinai no not doing anything ga su{}ki dane.
• yaqpari...

Tae Kim - Off time

• yamamotosensei{}, konnichiha [konnichiwa] good afternoon!
  • SUMISUsan, konnichiha. mou suqkari haru{} ni na{成}rimashita ne it already thoroughly became v5c~u-imashita spring.
• soudesu ne. haruyasu{}mi ha, hontou{}ni haya{}ku o{終}warimashita really quickly ended v5c~u-imashita.
  • soudesu ka. haruyasu{}mi ni nani{} wo shimashita ka what did you do v-except in spring vacation?
• nonbiri yasu{}mimashita rested at leisure v5c~u-imashita node, toku{特}ni nani{}mo shimasendeshita so, I didn't do anything in particular.
  • sore mo ii desune. chanto yasu{}mi wo to{取}ru no mo daiji{大事} desu kara to properly take rest is also important, so.
• yamamotosensei{} ha, yasu{}mi ni nani{} wo shimashita ka what did you do on vacation?
  • jugyou{} no junbi{準備} de iroiro{色々} shiteimashita yo was doing various things with class preparation.
• yasu{}mi wo chanto to{}ru no ha daiji{} desu yo to properly take rest is important.
  • hontou{} desune.

Tae Kim - Diary

• hajimemashite. watashi{} no namae{} ha, JON BURAUN desu.
• shumi{趣味} hobby ha, toku{特}ni nani{}mo arimesen there is nothing particularly ga, {ne}ru no ga *ichibansu{一番好}ki* like the best desu.
• shukudai{} ya benkyou{} wo suru no ha, amari su{}kijanai desu.
• demo, nihongo{} de hana{}su no ha, su{}ki desu I like speaking in Japanese yo.
• kanji{} toka hatsuon{発音} Kanji and pronunciation ga omoshiro{}i desu kara.
• itsuka sometime nihon{} ni i{}kitai desu.
• shourai{将来} ni in the future ha, narubeku raku{}na shigoto{仕事} ga shitai desu I want to do a relaxing job as much as possible ga, nihon{} de ha minna{} ga takusan hatara{働}ku but, conj., everybody in Japan works a lot kara, doushimashou so, what shall I do? yahari as expected, gakusei{} no toki{} ni i{}kitai desu ne.

Tae Kim - Next Year

• harugaqki{春学期} ha *mou sugu o{終}waru* yone already soon end -> also end soon.
  • yaqto finally da.
  • kotoshi{}, hontou{}ni iroirotaihen{色々大変}daqta kara ne was really tough for various so.
  • natsuyasu{夏休}mi ga tano{楽}shimi looking forward to summer vacation.
• tashi{確}kani taihen{}daqta kedo certainly it was rough but, {tano}shikaqta yo was fun.
  • soshite and then, ninensei{} ni narunda ne we will become 2-year students.
• sou! soshite, tanakasensei{} ga watashitachi{私達} no sensei{} ni naru Mr. Tanaka will become our teacher.
  • nani{} wo yoroko{喜}nde iru no what are you getting happy? tanakasensei{} no jugyou{} ha moqto muzuka{}shii yo Mr. Tanaka's class is more difficult.
• tanakasensei{} ha kawaii yone.
  • kawaii yo na casual and masculine.
• zenzen{全然} *ki{聞}ideinai* not listening v-except.

Tae Kim - Vacation

• tanakasensei{}, MEKISHIKO no ryokou{旅行} ha doudeshita ka how was the trip of Mexico, politely?
  • totemo yokaqtadesu yo it was very good.
  • iroiro{} omoshiro{面白}kaqtadesu various were interesting.
  • yamamotosensei{} mo *i{行}kitakaqtadesu* yone wanted to go.
• ee. demo kazoku{} mo imasu kara but I have family, so, sonnani too{遠}i tokoro{} ni i{}ku no ha nakanaka muzuka{}shii desu it's fairly difficult to go to a place that far.
  • watashi{} ha *mou i{}kimashita kara* already went, so, *shibaraku ha i{}kimasen* yo I won't go for a while.
• desu kara it's that, so; the reason mentioned already, tanakasensei{} to iqsho{}ni i{}ku tsumori ha zenzen{} arimasendeshita yo I didn't have intention of going together with you Mr. Tanaka at all.

Space

Tae Kim - Travel alone

• tanaka{}san ha, kotoshi{} no haruyasu{}mi ni nani{}ka yotei{予定} arimasu ka do you have some plan this spring vacation?
  • ee yes, kankou{観光} ni MEKISHIKO ni i{}ku yotei{予定} desu plan of going sightseeing to Mexico.
• ii desune. watashi{} mo MEKISHIKO ni i{}kitai desune I also want to go to Mexico.
  • watashi{} ha, hitori{一人} de i{}ku tsumori desu ga intention of going by myself.
• iie, watashi{} ha tanaka{}san to iqsho{一緒}ni i{}kitai wake{訳}janai desu kara it is not the case that I want to go together with you.

Tae Kim - Where you live

• RI_kun ha, ima{} doko ni *su{住}ndeiru* no residing v5~mu-ndeiru?
  • ryou{寮} ni in the dorm su{}ndeiru yo.
• sou nano? amari *mi{}kakenai* don't happen to see kedo, doko no ryou{}?
  • zuqto higashi{東} no hou{方} ni aru dokoro{所} the place that's at the far east direction.
• doushite sonnani too{遠}i {dokoro} ni why in a place that far su{}ndeiru no?
  • ichinensei{} da kara, su{}mu dokoro{} wo era{選}bu no to select a place to live ga *ichibanoso{一番遅}i* the latest.

Rule

• doqchidemoiiyo either is fine.
  • {nan}demoiiyo anything is fine.

Tae Kim - Homework

• shukudai{宿題} ha, muzuka{難}shii as for homework, ~is it~ difficult?
  • kantan{簡単} da yo it's easy; masculine!
• hontou{}?
  • u_n, tabun{多分} muzuka{難}shii yo probably difficult.
• doqcho [doc;cho] which is it?

Tae Kim - Class

• yamamotosensei{} no *jugyou{授業}* class ha, amari omoshiro{}kunai.
  • watashi{} ha, omoshiro{}i yo as for me, ~it's~ interesting.
• demo, muzuka{}shikunai not difficult?
  • sore ha, *ii koto* yo a good thing.
  • zenzen{全然} yokunai not good at all.

Tae Kim - Lunch box

• arisuchan ha, itsumo bentou{弁当} na no always lunch box?
  • sou. haha{} ha ryouri{} ga su{}ki da kara.
• boku{} mo bentou{} ga ho{欲}shii na I also want box lunch. shokudou{食堂} no ta{}be mono{} ha amari su{}ki janai n da.
  • donna ta{}be mono{} ga su{}ki na no?
• SUTE_KI toka osushi toka KANI toka.
  • taka{高}i ta{}be mono{} ga su{}ki nano ne you like expensive food.
  • tokorode, hiru{昼}go han{飯} ha doushite itsumo RA_MEN nano?
• yasu{安}i kara it's cheap so.
  • naruhodo ne.

Tae Kim - Sleep Deprivation

• ARISUchan, ohayou.
  • ohayou, genki{}?
• nemu{}i.
  • demo, mou hiru{} dayo ~it's~ already afternoon, you know; masculine.
• ja, konnichiha good day, good afternoon.
  • konnichiha.
• o yasu{休}mi good night.

Addressing People

• Usually, you refer to people using their last name more polite first, followed by a name-suffix, instead of saying "you" directly.
  • san safest, gender neutral, and polite name-suffix.
  • kun{君} casual name-suffix, generally for males.
  • chan casual name-suffix, generally for females.
• SUMISUsan ha, genki{} desuka?
  • hai, genki{} desu. *demo, nemu{眠}i* desu But I'm sleepy.
• soleha, taihen{大変} desu That's rough!.
  • daijoubu{大丈夫} desu That's okay.
  • RI_san ha itsumo nemu{}i desu Lee-san is always sleepy.

Addressing family members

• honorific prefix derived from this Kanji o/go{御}.
  • use the honorific prefix when referring to someone else's family
  • don't use the honorific prefix refer to your own family unless speaking to families.
• o kane{金} money
• o cha{茶} tea
• go han{飯} rice, meal

• SUMISUsan ha, AJIA jin{} desuka?
  • iie no. demo, haha{} ha, nihonjin{日本人} desu But ~my~ mother is Japanese.
• sou desuka Is that so?. o tou{}san ha [o to'o san wa] as for ~your~ father?
  • chichi{} ha AMERIKA jin{} desu.
  • naruhodo I see.

Tae Kim - Family back home

• mina{}san ha, kotoshi{今年} no haruyasu{春休}mi ni nani{} wo shimasu ka what will you do at this year's spring vacation?
  • watashi{} ha, koko de ARUBAITO wo shimasu I will do part-time job here.
• go kazoku{} ni a{}i ni i{}kimasen ka you will not go to meet your family?
  • watashi{} no kazoku{} ha kankoku{} ni imasu my family is in Korea kara, hikoukidai{飛行機代} ga totemo taka{}i desu so the flight fee is very expensive.
  • nanode therefore, kotoshi{} ha kankoku{} ni kae{}rimasen I will not go back to Korea this year.
• sou desuka. *totemo taihen{}* desune very tough.

Series

• Detective Conan - good for learning, Kanjis are all annotated with Hiragana.
• arigatou, nii{}san thanks, my elder brother.
  • douitashimashite, otouto{} you are welcome, my younger brother.
• onigiri Japanese rice balls.
• koube{} beef, yonezawa{} beef.
• nechiga{}etanda ne didn't sleep properly -> neck stickiness?
• watashi{} ha gani mata{} de ha arimasen I don't have bow-leggedness.
• watashi{} ha totemo koufun{} shite imasu I am so excited.
• kyouwatashi{} ha shiawa{}sedesu I am happy today.
  • sore wo ki{}ite totemo tano{}shiidesu I am so happy to hear that.
• yo{}i ichinichi{} wo have a good one.
• itsudemo anytime.

Greetings and thanks

• Politely with strangers, teachers, managers: arigatougozaimasu thank you, doumoarigatougozaimasu thank you very much
  • with friends: doumo thanks, arigatou thank you, doumoarigatou thank you very much
  • politely thank someone for something done in the past: arigatougozaimashita thank you for what you did, doumoarigatougozaimashita thank you very much for what you did.
• sumimasen sorry, politely
• sayounara goodbye
• itadakimasu I humbly receive; before eating a meal
• gochisousamadeshita it was a feast, after finishing a meal
• iqtekimasu I'm going and coming back, used when leaving home
• iqteraqshai go and come back; used as farewell for someone leaving the house
• tadaima used when returning home.
• o kae{帰}rinasai welcome home.

Tae Kim

• genki{元気} you're well; casual?
  • genki{} I'm well.
  • genki{} desu.
  • ~o~ genki{} desuka are you well; polite, o - honorific prefix not with I?
• ohayou good morning, casual greeting
  • ohayougozaimasu good morning, polite

Tae Kim - Author's greetings

• konnichiha! KIMU TEI desu. mina{皆}san ha genki{} desuka.
• watashi{} ha *aihen{相変}warazu* as always isoga{} shii desu kedo, genki{} desu.
• nihongo{} ha omoshiro{}i desuka. su{}ki desuka.
• sou desune. zeqtai{} su{}ki desuyone.
• mochiron of course, watashi{} mo {su}ki desuyo.

Practical

• doukana how to say that? Japanese minds the privacy especially with ordinary friends.

Mind

Tae Kim - Teacher preferred

• JONsan ha, dono sensei{} ga ichiban{一番} su{}ki which teacher do you like the most?
  • tanakasensei{} ga su{}ki dane.
• sou dane. kawaii yone. demo, ninensei{二年生} no sensei{} dayone she's second-year teacher.
  • rainen{来年} ga *tano{楽}shimi* da something to look forward to.
• watashi{} ha, yamamotosensei{} ga su{}ki yo.
  • e? nande?
• jugyou{授業} ga omoshiro{}kunai isn't his class interesting, ~among all~?
  • omoshiro{}kunai yo! muzuka{}shii yo!
  • sou is that so?
• donna ongaku{音楽} ga su{}ki desuka what kind of music do you like?

Tae Kim - I love Sushi

• osushi ha, ta{}beru no?
  • un, daisu{大好}ki da yo I love it.
• demo, nama{生} no sakana{魚} da yo raw fish.
  • da kara so?
  • sugoi amazing {i-adj} ne.

Discuss hobby politely

• RI_san no shumi{趣味} ha nan{} desuka what's your hobby, Lee-san? {nan} with desu, otherwise {nani}?
  • PASOKON computer desu. GE_MU mo su{}ki desu.
• SUPO_TSU sports ha, su{}ki desuka?
  • iie, amari su{}ki janai desu.
• RI_san ha, OTAKU geek desu.
  • OTAKU janai desuyo.

Healthy hobby

• tokorode by the way, RI_kun ha doushite isoga{}shii no Lee-kun, why are you busy?
  • boku{僕} ha suieibu{水泳部} da kara I'm in the swim club, so.
• e, sou na no?.
  • sou da kedo that's so but?
• demo, shumi{} ha PASOKON to GE_MU janai no but isn't your hobby computers and games?
  • sou da kedo that's so but, kenkou{健康} mo daiji{大事} da kara health is also important so.
  • naruhodo.